帶你探索日本花藝的歷史 By Ilse Beunen
The origins of ikebana can be traced back to the introduction of Buddhism to Japan via the Silk Road between the 6th and 8th centuries. An early form of ikebana involved offering flowers to Buddha, signifying a deep spiritual connection with nature. Another influence came from Shintoism, the indigenous religion of Japan, which holds all living things as equal and reveres the sacredness of nature. This explains how ikebana embraces nature, emphasizing that humanity should adhere to nature's ways rather than impose its will upon it.
Over time, floral arrangements in Buddhist temples became more sophisticated, and rules were established for the proper placement of branches and flowers. These arrangements gradually evolved into stylistic representations of the Buddhist universe. Initially, only Buddhist priests were adept at ikebana, but as its popularity grew, it reached noblemen and samurai. By the 16th century, Senkei Ikenobo founded the Ikenobo school, setting the foundation for the Rikka style, the oldest style of ikebana. Rikka uses seven main branches symbolizing natural elements like mountain peaks, hills, waterfalls, and valleys, with the two remaining branches representing positive and negative elements.
As ikebana continued to flourish, more schools emerged, each with its unique philosophy, vision, and rules for composing arrangements. Non-clergy founders made ikebana accessible to the wider public through simplified, understandable designs. The late 19th and early 20th centuries marked a revolutionary period for ikebana. Japan's openness to the West introduced foreign flowers, materials, and techniques, leading to a modern vision of ikebana. Today, thousands of schools are registered with the Japanese Ministry of Education, with Ikenobo, Ohara, Ichiyou, and Sogetsu being the most renowned abroad.
Although the schools may vary in their approach, they all share a common starting point. Every student begins by learning a series of basic arrangements with prescribed rules, angles, and placement of the main stems. Through repeated practice, students internalize the aesthetics and develop a profound respect for nature by recreating these set arrangements.
As ikebana flourished over the centuries, so did the tools and scissors essential to its creation.
In its earliest form, Ikebana practitioners relied on rudimentary tools, such as sand and rice straws, to hold and position the floral elements in their arrangements. The focus was on the natural simplicity of the materials, showcasing the beauty of each flower's form and color. As the art progressed, innovative tools emerged to meet the changing demands of arranging flowers with precision and artistry. Kenzans, also known as flower frogs or pin holders, play a crucial role in supporting stems and branches in Ikebana arrangements. Kenzans come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate diverse needs and schools.
The introduction of scissors marked a significant advancement in ikebana's history. Over time, various schools developed their signature types of scissors. The Ikenobo, Sogetsu, Ohara among other schools use Ikenobo-type scissors. These scissors are renowned for their refined design, ensuring precise cuts with effortless ease. The Koryu and Saga schools, alongside others, embraced the Koryu-type scissors characterized by their looped handles.
Kenzans, also known as flower frogs or pin holders, play a crucial role in supporting stems and branches in Ikebana arrangements. There are various shapes and sizes to accommodate the diverse needs and schools.
While some Ikebana schools strongly associate specific tools and scissors, others embrace a more open approach, incorporating modern materials and techniques.
In conclusion, ikebana's timeless allure lies in its ability to preserve ancient traditions while embracing innovation and diversity. As this art form continues to evolve, it nurtures a profound connection between nature, art, and the human spirit, making ikebana a cherished treasure appreciated worldwide.
